Summary

Atopic dermatitis is a widespread condition in which the atopic background associates (induces or modulates) inflammatory manifestations.

The discovery of microRNA, which can posttranscriptionally block the activity of a gene and which can also have numerous other actions on cellular DNA, has led to the investigation of the involvement of microRNA in numerous conditions, including atopic dermatitis.

Many studies have revealed numerous quantitative changes in microRNA in cells involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, keratinocytes, inflammatory cells, but also in serum or urine.

The interpretation of the data of these studies is difficult to achieve due to the complex action of microRNA but also due to the selectivity of the investigations and the results obtained in a certain clinical context.

In our study we present the main types of microRNAs that showed quantitative changes in atopic dermatitis (over expression or reduced expression). At the same time we try a short critical interpretation regarding these results.

Even if they have not entered current clinical practice, in atopic dermatitis a series of microRNAs (microRNA155, microRNA146, microRNA203) retain their biomarker potential or therapeutic potential.