Summary

Paraffinoma of the penis, also known as sclerosing lipogranuloma of the penis, represents a foreign body reaction in response to the subcutaneous injection of liquid paraffin, silicon, professional-grade oil, mineral oil, kanamycin, and various others, with the aim of increasing penile girth. Liquid paraffin is the most commonly used substance. We present the case of a patient who presented with lesions suggestive of a diagnosis of penile paraffinoma, occurring after the injection of ointment containing kanamycin, with the goal of increasing penis size. The most important criterion for establishing a positive diagnosis is the personal history of self-injection. Histopathological examination, along with clinical and paraclinical findings, serve as complementary examinations, useful for the diagnosis of certainty. Lesions can appear from weeks to several years after injection, with the most common complications being erectile dysfunction, inguinal adenopathies, superinfections, local migration of the injected substance, invasion of the corpora cavernosa, acute urinary retention, urinary disturbances, phimosis, paraphimosis, epidermoid carcinoma. Treatment options include conservative or surgical approaches, close monitoring of the patients being essential due to the risk of recurrence.