Summary

Hypertrophic scars and keloids represent a major challenge in dermatology, plastic surgery and pediatric surgery, with a significant impact on the aesthetic appearance, skin functionality and quality of life of patients. These pathological scars occur as a result of an exaggerated inflammatory response and collagen overproduction, leading to the formation of persistent fibroproliferative lesions. Despite therapeutic advances, their treatment remains difficult, with high recurrence rates. The study includes a review of the literature on current treatment strategies for pathological scars and a clinical case highlighting the recurrence of a keloid scar in an adolescent treated by surgical excision and intralesional therapy with Diprophos.

Hypertrophic scars and keloids require combined therapeutic approaches to prevent recurrence and improve aesthetic and functional outcomes. Although intralesional corticosteroids are effective in reducing fibroblast proli-feration, recurrences are common. Their combination with other therapies, such as 5-fluorouracil, cryotherapy or laser therapy, could improve the success rate. In the future, biological therapies and innovative technologies, such as fractional radiofrequency therapy or stem cell therapy, could represent more effective and personalized solutions for patients with pathological scars.